The song, Headmaster
Ritual by 80s iconic indie band The Smiths, is a recollection of the
events of abuse from his teachers at singer Morrissey's school. The
song was particularly iconic as corporal punishment was outlawed in
1986, a year after it came out. Abundantly, the song had some form of
effect on the law.
The majority of this
music video is a compilation of footage from news reports on the war
in Vietnam. Other clips are shots of the band, such as Morrissey
singing. The music video is prominently in black and white to display
emphasise that the actions in the footage is more important and it
being in black and white helps to rid any distraction from it.
The music video begins
with an establishing shot of a jet flying over Vietnam. There are
also a few shots of soldiers running around, this also helps
establish that is in Vietnam. Otherwise it could just be a plane
flying over a field.
A significant shot in
the video is of a very young Vietnamese boy smoking a cigarette. This
could either be to symbolise how the cruelty by teachers in schools
at the time would force a child to grow up so much faster, or simply
to show how some young children can do such stupid things whilst in
school.
We then see a shot of
Morrissey singing, looking distressed. We can see that he is
distressed by his behaviour, he is singing with his hand holding his
neck. He then moves his hands to be open, the back of his hands
towards his face. This is to symbolise his distress as a child when a
teacher would raise a hand to him.
After seeing Morrissey
singing, we then see a group of Vietnamese men getting bags put over
their heads by American soldiers. The Smiths decided to use footage
from Vietnam because it displayed the same unfair corporal punishment
that children in school suffered and it was also a very relevant war
because it had only ended ten years ago. This particular footage is
used as the Vietnamese being tortured have paper bags on their head;
they have no identity to these Americans. They are just seen as
another person who 'deserves' a beating. This is significant because
teachers would beat a child without consideration of why the child
was misbehaving, why they didn't want to take part in PE, or maybe
even that they were already getting beaten at home.
Later, a shot of a
emotionless Vietnamese man getting hit repeatedly by the bottom of a
gun is shown. The Smiths chose to use this clip because he is
appearing emotionless, his head is being forcefully held up and he is
closing his arms himself. Children during school felt forced not to
show emotion during the beatings and were forced to endure it and not
'wuss' out of it.
A shot of the same man
is shown later on; he is lying on the ground and is being repeatedly
kicked by the soldier. This is used to display how much weaker the
beatings can make someone who is even being forcefully held up.
Again, it is also used simply because it is an example of
institutionalised beatings.
A lot of shots of the
band performing are used. This is because, although most of the video
is to symbolise the meaning of the song, it is a good idea to include
shots of the band to allow the audience to know who the artist is and
what they look like.
Later, some shots of
the Vietnamese fighting back are used and a shot of an American
soldier being carried by his allies whilst having a bandage covering
his entire face is used. The band used this to suggest that all the
abuse and beatings will have a payback and there will be a
consequence for the actions of teachers. The way the footage is in
order is to make the audience feel like the Americans in the video
deserve it. Also, the fact that the video is in black and white makes
it look as though all the people are the same in each shot (it is
harder to differentiate without seeing hair colour, skin colours
etc), therefore the audience may think that the American with the
bandage on his face is the same one that was beating the emotionless
man.
Although a montage of
specified footage alongside footage of a band is quite typical, The
Smiths did it differently and there is a great amount of meaning
behind the chosen footage, rather than just to make it look 'artsy'.